What Penalties/Charges Can a Najem Okazjonalny Lease Include
A look at penalties and charges in a Polish Najem Okazjonalny lease: late payments, property damage, subletting and delayed move-out. Tips for landlords and tenants.
What penalties/charges can a Najem Okazjonalny lease include
Najem Okazjonalny leases often spell out sanctions in more detail. They aim to encourage discipline and compensate the landlord, but must be lawful, proportionate, and clearly drafted. Note: as a rule, contractual penalties apply to non-monetary breaches, while late payments accrue default interest within statutory limits.
Common sanctions
- Late payments. Statutory default interest or agreed (contractual) default interest, not exceeding the legal maximum.
- House-rules breaches. Contractual penalty for noise, smoking, keeping pets without consent, etc.
- Property damage. Compensation/penalty matching the repair or replacement cost.
- Unlawful subletting. Contractual penalty and often grounds for termination.
- Delayed move-out. Daily contractual penalty (e.g., the daily rent rate or a multiple of it) until the premises are vacated.
What the law covers vs. the contract
- Monetary obligations: delays trigger interest (statutory or agreed up to the legal cap), not a penalty.
- Non-monetary breaches: the lease may provide contractual penalties; courts can reduce them if excessive.
- Sanctions must be proportionate and tied to specific breaches; overly harsh clauses risk being reduced or unenforceable.
Example drafting
| Breach | Typical sanction | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Late rent/charges | Statutory or contractual default interest (within legal maximum) | Usually with a total cap and a clear accrual formula |
| Pets without consent | Penalty PLN 500–1000 | May be coupled with an obligation to cure the breach |
| Unlawful subletting | Penalty up to 2–3 monthly rents | Often also immediate termination ground |
| Damage to property | Compensation at actual repair/replacement cost | Backed by estimates and invoices |
| Delayed move-out | Penalty e.g. 1–2× daily rent per day | Courts may reduce if disproportionate |
How tenants can protect themselves
- Read the lease carefully before signing.
- Ensure sanctions are clearly defined and reasonable.
- Request detailed reports/evidence with any claims.
- Document the flat’s condition on move-in and move-out (photos/video).
How landlords should draft sanctions
- Use specific amounts or formulas; avoid “at landlord’s discretion”.
- Don’t overreach — excessive penalties risk being reduced by a court.
- Link each penalty to a specific breach (noise, subletting, delayed move-out).
- Ensure the Najem Okazjonalny pack includes the required notarial documents.
FAQ
Can I refuse to pay an excessive penalty?
It requires a legal challenge — courts may reduce disproportionate penalties.
May the landlord add penalties after signing?
No. Any change needs both parties’ consent via an amendment.
Do penalties replace the security deposit?
No. The deposit is a separate security.
Conclusion
Sanctions in Najem Okazjonalny can help maintain discipline and protect the landlord, but they must be lawful and balanced. Tenants should read carefully; landlords should draft precisely and proportionately.
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